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Established in 1630 by John Winthrop, governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Boston, Massachusetts was an early center of American Puritanism. The nation's oldest public school, Boston Latin, was opened in 1635 and Harvard, the nation's oldest college, was founded at Cambridge in 1636. Boston became the cradle of American independence from Britain in the late 18th century. Protestors stirred up anti-British sentiment after the British government approved a series of taxes on colonists to pay the cost of the French and Indian War. Boston merchants and workers resisted the Stamp Act of 1765, and viewed it as “taxation without representation.” In 1770, British soldiers fired on a mob and killed five citizens in what became known as the "Boston Massacre". Aggravating the situation further, patriots protested a tax on tea by tossing shiploads of tea into the harbor in 1773, in what came to be known as the "Boston Tea Party." The Battle of Bunker Hill, fought in Charlestown on June 17, 1775, was one of the first battles of the American Revolution, and Boston was occupied until the British withdrew on March 17, 1776.